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Kellingley Colliery is the last deep coal mine left in Britain. It is situated at Beal in North Yorkshire, about east of Knottingley in West Yorkshire, on the A645 and east of Ferrybridge power station. The colliery's location was influenced by the proximity of road, rail and canal routes. Its workings extend into West Yorkshire. The colliery is owned and operated by UK Coal. The colliery will close in December 2015. ==History== Exploratory boreholes sunk in the 1950s established there were up to seven workable seams of coal at Kellingley.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ukcoal.com/dm-kellingley )〕 Sinking its two shafts started in 1960. Sandy and porous geology down to about was waterlogged. Boreholes drilled around each shaft position had sub-zero-temperature brine pumped through them to freeze the ground down to about . The sinking personnel had to work in subzero temperatures until the shafts were below this frozen ground. The shafts were eventually sunk to a depth of around . After a concrete lining sealed the shafts, the cooling brine was stopped and the frozen ground allowed to thaw. Grout, a thin cement mixture, was pumped at high pressure through holes bored through the shaft's concrete lining into the water-bearing strata. When it set, most of the water leaking into the shafts was stopped and the ground around the upper part of the shafts was stabilised. The pressure needed to pump in the mixture caused the ground above to heave, causing the winding engine towers mounted above the shafts to tilt slightly. This had been anticipated and provision had been made to jack up the four legs that each tower stood on. The procedure was done regularly during the pumping phase to bring the towers into alignment. To keep the shafts to the correct alignment, plumb lines were used. Four steel lines, evenly spaced, were suspended around the inside of each shaft, all the way to the bottom. Kellingley employs about 800 people. In March 2004, the pit received £7.2 million from the Coal Investment Aid Scheme. The colliery began production in April 1965.〔 During planning and building the surface infrastructure for the new colliery, employment of 3,000 mineworkers was expected at completion. Due to updated methods and machinery, only about 2,000 men were employed there at any one time. Many of the miners relocated from Scotland to work at the colliery, having lost their jobs at Scottish pits that closed in the 1960s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kellingley Colliery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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